Watercolor Portrait of Woman and Dog With Art Nouveau Flower Border by Northwest Female Artist
Andy Warhol was the near successful and highly paid commercial illustrator in New York even before he began to make art destined for galleries. Nevertheless, his screenprinted images of Marilyn Monroe, soup cans, and sensational newspaper stories, quickly became synonymous with Pop fine art. He emerged from the poverty and obscurity of an Eastern European immigrant family in Pittsburgh, to become a charismatic magnet for bohemian New York, and to ultimately find a place in the circles of High Society. For many his ascent echoes 1 of Pop art'due south ambitions, to bring popular styles and subjects into the exclusive salons of high art. His crowning achievement was the peak of his own persona to the level of a popular icon, representing a new kind of fame and celebrity for a fine artist.
Biography of Andy Warhol
Childhood
Andy was the third child built-in to Czechoslovakian immigrant parents, Ondrej and Ulja (Julia) Warhola, in a working class neighborhood of Pittsburgh. He had ii older brothers, John and Paul. As a kid, Andy was smart and artistic. His mother, a casual creative person herself, encouraged his artistic urges by giving him his get-go camera at ix years old. Warhol was known to endure from a nervous disorder that would frequently proceed him at home, and, during these long periods, he would listen to the radio and collect pictures of movie stars effectually his bed. It was this exposure to current events at a immature age that he later said shaped his obsession with pop culture and celebrities. When he was xiv, his father passed abroad, leaving the family unit money to exist specifically used towards higher learning for one of the boys. Information technology was decided by the family that Andy would benefit the most from a college education.
Early Training
After graduating from high schoolhouse at the age of 16 in 1945, Warhol attended Carnegie Found of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University), where he received formal training in pictorial design. Shortly after graduating, in 1949, he moved to New York Urban center, where he worked as a commercial illustrator. His starting time project was for Glamour magazine for an article entitled, "Success is a Chore in New York." Throughout the 1950s Warhol continued his successful career in commercial illustration, working for several well-known magazines, such as Faddy, Harper's Boutique and The New Yorker. He as well produced advertising and window displays for local New York retailers. His work with I. Miller & Sons, for which his whimsical blotted line advertisements were specially noticed, gained him some local notoriety, fifty-fifty winning several awards from the Art Managing director's Club and the American Institute of Graphic Arts.
In the early 1950s, Andy shortened his name from Warhola to Warhol, and decided to strike out on his own as a serious artist. His feel and expertise in commercial art, combined with his immersion in American popular culture, influenced his most notable work. In 1952, he exhibited Fifteen Drawings Based on the Writings of Truman Capote in his first individual show at the Hugo Gallery in New York. While exhibiting work in several venues around New York City, he well-nigh notably exhibited at the Museum of Modernistic Art, where he participated in his commencement group evidence in 1956. Warhol took notice of new emerging artists, profoundly admiring the work of Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns, which inspired him to expand his own artistic experimentation.
In 1960, Warhol began using advertisements and comic strips in his paintings. These works, examples of early Pop art, were characterized by more expressive and painterly styles that included clearly recognizable brushstrokes, and were loosely influenced by Abstract Expressionism. Withal, subsequent works, such his Brillo Boxes (1964), would marking a straight rebellion against Abstract Expressionism, by almost completely removing whatsoever evidence of the artist'due south manus.
Mature Menstruation
In September 1960, after moving to a townhouse at 1342 Lexington Artery, on the Upper Due east Side of Manhattan, he began his most prolific period. From having no dedicated studio space in his previous apartment, where he lived with his mother, he now had plenty of room to work. In 1962 he offered the Department of Real Estate $150 a calendar month to rent a nearby obsolete fire house on E 87thursday Street. He was granted permission and used this space in conjunction with his Lexington Artery space until 1964.
Continuing with the theme of advertisements and comic strips, his paintings throughout the early part of the 1960s were based primarily on illustrated images from printed media and graphic design. To create his large-calibration graphic canvases, Warhol used an opaque projector to enlarge the images onto a large sail on the wall. And so, working freehand, he would trace the image with paint directly onto the sail without a pencil tracing underneath. As a result, Warhol'due south works from early on 1961 are generally more painterly.
Belatedly in 1961, Warhol started on his Campbell'south Soup Can paintings. The serial employed many unlike techniques, but most were created past projecting source images on to canvas, tracing them with a pencil, and so applying paint. In this mode Warhol removed most signs of the artist'south hand.
In 1962 Warhol started to explore silkscreening. This stencil procedure involved transferring an image on to a porous screen, then applying pigment or ink with a rubber squeegee. This marked another means of painting while removing traces of his mitt; similar the stencil processes he had used to create the Campbell'southward Soup Tin pictures, this also enabled him to repeat the motif multiple times across the aforementioned paradigm, producing a series image suggestive of mass production. Often, he would first gear up down a layer of colors which would complement the stencilled epitome after it was practical.
His first silkscreened paintings were based on the front and back faces of dollar bills, and he went on to create several series of images of diverse consumer goods and commercial items using this method. He depicted aircraft and handling labels, Coca-Cola bottles, coffee can labels, Brillo Soap box labels, matchbook covers, and cars. From autumn 1962 he also started to produce photo-silkscreen works, which involved transferring a photographic image on the porous silkscreens. His offset was Baseball (1962), and those that followed ofttimes employed bland or shocking imagery derived from tabloid paper photographs of car crashes and civil rights riots, money, and consumer household products.
In 1964 Warhol moved to 231 Due east 47th Street, calling it "The Factory." Having accomplished moderate success equally an creative person past this indicate, he was able to utilise several assistants to help him execute his piece of work. This marked a turning point in his career. At present, with the assistance of his assistants, he could more decisively remove his hand from the sheet and create repetitive, mass-produced images that would appear empty of meaning and beg the question, "What makes fine art, art?" This was an thought commencement introduced past Marcel Duchamp, whom Warhol admired.
Warhol had a lifelong fascination with Hollywood, demonstrated by his series of iconic images of celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor. He besides expanded his medium into installations, most notably at the Stable Gallery in New York in 1964, replicating Brillo boxes in their actual size so screenprinting their characterization designs onto blocks made of plywood.
Wanting to go along his exploration of unlike mediums, Warhol began experimenting with film in 1963. Ii years afterwards, after a trip to Paris for an exhibition of his piece of work, he appear that he would be retiring from painting to focus exclusively on motion-picture show. Although he never completely followed through with this intention, he did produce many films, most starring those whom he chosen the Warholstars, an eccentric and eclectic group of friends who frequented the Factory and were known for their unconventional lifestyle.
He created approximately 600 films betwixt 1963 and 1976, ranging in length from a few minutes to 24 hours. He also developed a project called The Exploding Plastic Inevitable, or EPI, in 1967. The EPI was a multi-media production combining The Velvet Surreptitious rock band with projections of film, light and dance, culminating in a sensory feel of Performance Art. Warhol had also been self-publishing artist'due south books since the 1950s, just his showtime mass produced book, Andy Warhol's Index, was published in 1967. He afterwards published several other books, and founded Interview Mag with his friend Gerard Malanga in 1969. The magazine is dedicated to celebrities and is nevertheless in production today.
Afterward an attempt on his life in 1968, by acquaintance and radical feminist, Valerie Solanas, he decided to distance himself from his unconventional entourage. This marked the terminate of the 1960s Factory scene. Warhol afterwards sought out companionship in New York high social club, and throughout most of the 1970s his work consisted of commissioned portraits derived from printed Polaroid photographs. The most notable exception to this is his famous Mao series, which was done as a comment on President Richard Nixon's visit to China. Lacking the glamour and commercial appeal of his earlier portraits, critics saw Warhol as prostituting his creative talent, and viewed this after period as one of decline. Nonetheless, Warhol saw financial success every bit an important goal. At this point, he had fabricated the successful shift from commercial artist to business concern creative person.
Late Years and Death
In the late 1970s and 1980s, Warhol made a return to painting, and produced works that frequently verged on abstraction. His Oxidation Painting series, which were fabricated by urinating on a canvas of copper paint, echoed the immediacy of the Abstract Expressionists and the rawness of Jackson Pollock'south drip paintings. By the 1980s, Warhol had regained much of his critical notoriety, due in part to his collaboration with Jean-Michel Basquiat and Francesco Clemente, two much younger and more cutting-edge artists. And, in the final years of Warhol'south life, he turned to religious subjects; his version of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper is particularly renowned. In these works, Warhol melded the sacred and the irreverent by juxtaposing enlarged logos of brands confronting images of Christ and his Apostles.
After suffering postoperative complications from a routine gall bladder procedure, Warhol died on February 22, 1987 at the age of 58. He was buried in his hometown of Pittsburgh. His memorial service was held in St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York Urban center and attended by more than than 2,000 people.
The Legacy of Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol was one of the about influential artists of the second half of the twentyth century, creating some of the near recognizable images always produced. Challenging the idealist visions and personal emotions conveyed past abstraction, Warhol embraced popular civilization and commercial processes to produce piece of work that appealed to the general public. He was one of the founding fathers of the Popular art movement, expanding the ideas of Duchamp by challenging the very definition of art. His creative risks and constant experimentation with subjects and media made him a pioneer in almost all forms of visual art. His unconventional sense of fashion and his celebrity entourage helped him reach the mega-star condition to which he aspired.
Warhol's will dictated that his estate fund the Warhol Foundation for the advancement of the visual arts, which was later on created afterwards that year. Through the joint efforts of The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, and Dia Center for the Arts the Warhol Museum was opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1994, housing a big collection of Warhol'due south piece of work.
Source: https://www.theartstory.org/artist/warhol-andy/
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