Once Information Is Collected What Is the First Step in Writing a Literature Review

Writing a literature review in the pre or mail service-qualification, will be required to undertake a literature review, either as part of a course of written report, every bit a key pace in the inquiry process. A literature review can be just a elementary summary of the sources, simply information technology normally has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. It demands a range of skills, such as learning how to ascertain topics for exploration, acquiring skills of literature searching and retrieval, developing the ability to analyze and synthesize data every bit well as becoming adept at writing and reporting, often within a limited time scale. The aim of this article is to present a footstep-past-step approach to writing a literature review enquiry paper to facilitate student and novice reviewers' understanding. A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area area, and sometimes information in a item bailiwick within a certain time period. A literature review of a mature topic addresses the need for a critique of, and the potential reconceptualization of, the expanding and more diversified noesis base of the topic as it continues to develop. The 2nd kind of literature review addresses new or emerging topics that would benefit from a holistic conceptualization and synthesis of the literature. Considering these topics are relatively new and accept non however undergone a comprehensive review of the literature, the review is more than likely to lead to an initial or preliminary conceptualization of the topic like a new model or framework. The reasons for undertaking a literature review are numerous and include eliciting information for developing policies and evidence-based intendance, a pace in the research procedure and as part of an academic assessment. To many qualified students faced with undertaking a literature review the chore appears daunting. Frequently-asked questions range from where to first, how to select a field of study, and how

Figures - uploaded by Muhammad Ali Ramdhani

Author content

All figure content in this expanse was uploaded by Muhammad Ali Ramdhani

Content may be subject to copyright.

Discover the world's research

• xx+ million members
• 135+ million publications
• 700k+ enquiry projects

Join for gratis

47

Writing a Literature Review Research Newspaper:

A step- by- footstep arroyo

Abdullah Ramdhani1, Muhammad Ali Ramdhani 2, Abdusy Syakur Amin 3

1 Section of Public Assistants, Garut Academy

Jl. Cimanuk No. 285A, Garut-INDONESIA

aramdhani@fisip.uniga.ac.id.

2 Kinesthesia of Science and Technology

Country Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung

Jl. A. H. Nasution No. 105, Bandung- Republic of indonesia

m_ali_ramdhani@uinsgd.ac.id

3 Department of Industrial Technology and Management, Pasundan University

Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 193, Bandung-INDONESIA

syakuramin@gmail.com

Abstract – Writing a literature review in the preast or post-qualification, will beast

required to undertake a literature review, either as office of a course of study, as a

key step in the inquiry process. A literature review can be just a simple summary

of the sources, simply it usually has an organizational design and combines both

summary and synthesis. It demands a range of skills, such as learning how to

ascertain topics for exploration, acquiring skills of literature searching and retrieval,

developing the ability to analyze and synthesize information likewise as becoming adept at

writing and reporting, oft inside a limited time calibration. The aim of this article is to

nowadays a step- past- stride approach to writing a literature review research paper to

facilitate educatee and novice reviewers' agreement.

Key Words – Literature review; Literature searching; Writing a review.

ane Introduction

A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject expanse, and sometimes

information in a item subject expanse within a certain time period. A literature review of a mature

topic addresses the demand for a critique of, and the potential reconceptualization of, the expanding and

more than diversified knowledge base of the topic as it continues to develop. The 2d kind of literature

review addresses new or emerging topics that would benefit from a holistic conceptualization and

synthesis of the literature. Because these topics are relatively new and take not all the same nethergone a

comprehensive review of the literature, the review is more likely to lead to an initial or preliminary

conceptualization of the topic like a new model or framework.

The reasons for undertaking a literature review are numerous and include eliciting data for

developing policies and prove-based care, a step in the research process and as part of an academic

assessment. To many qualified students faced with undertaking a literature review the chore appears

daunting. Frequently-asked questions range from where to start, how to select a subject, and how

International Periodical of Basic and Applied science,

Fiveol. 03, No. 01, July 2014, pp. 47- 56

Insan Akademika Publications

many articles to include, to what is involved in a review of the literature (Cronin, et. al., 2008). A

literature review can be just a simple summary of the sources, but it usually has an organizational

pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the of import

information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or a reshuffling, of that data. It

might give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations. Or information technology might

trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates. And depending on the state of affairs,

the literature review may evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant

(writingcenter.unc.edu).

two What is a Literature Review

A literature review is a surveys scholarly articles, books and other sources relevant to a detail

issue, surface area of research, or theory, and by so doing, providing a description, summary, and critical

evaluation of these works. Literature reviews are designed to provide an overview of sources you have

explored while researching a particular topic and to demonstrate to your readers how your research fits

into the larger field of study (libguides.usc.edu, northward.d.). A literature review is a clarification of thursdaye

literature relevant to a item field or topic. Information technology gives an overview of what has existen said, who the primal

writers are, what are the prevailing theories and hypotheses, what questions are being asked, and what

methods and methodologies are advisable and useful. Every bit such, it is not in itself primary research, but

rather it reports on other findings (Emerald Group Publishing, northward.d.).

The primary reports used in the literature may exist verbal, but in the vast majority of cases reports are

written documents. The types of scholarship may be empirical, theoretical, disquisitional analytic, or

methodological in nature. Second a literature review seeks to describe, summarise, evaluate, clarify

and/ or integrate the content of principal reports (Cooper, 1988).

A literature review idue south an objective, thorough summary and disquisitional analysis of the relevant bachelor

research and non-research literature on the topic being studied (Hart, 1998; Cronin, et al., 2008). Its

goal is to bring the reader upwardly- to -appointment with current literature on a topic and class the footing for some other

goal, such as the justification for future research in the surface area. A adept literature review gathers

information nearly a particular subject field from many sources. It is well written and contains few if any

personal biases. It should comprise a clear search and selection strategy (Carnwell and Daly, 2001;

Cronin, et al., 2008). Good structuring is essential to raise the period and readability of the review

(Colling, 2003).

Literature review is different from an academic research paper. The chief focus of an academic

inquiry paper is to develop a new argument, and a research newspaper will contain a literature review every bit

i of its parts. In a research paper, y'all use the literature every bit a foundation and every bit back up for a new

insight that y'all contribute. The focus of a literature review, even so, is to summarize and synthesize

the arguments and ideas of others without adding new contributions.

The vast bulk of literature reviews serve equally a department of a primary research article that provides the

theoretical foundation for the primary study that is the subject of the article. In that capacity, Fink (2005)

describes multiple purposes for literature reviews. A literature review anchors the rest of a scholarly

commodity. It describes the content and quality of knowledge already bachelor, and readily presents the

reader the significance of previous work (Okoli & Schabram, 2010). As an academic piece, the review

cannot simply regurgitate the subject matter, but rather must contribute to the piece of work in its dual

arroyo of synthesizing the available material and offering a scholarly critique of theory (Okoli &

Schabram, 2010).

International Journal of Basic and Applied Science,

Vol. 03, No. 01, July 2014, pp. 47- 56

3 Systematic Literature Review

The purpose of a systematic literature review is to provide as complete a list every bit possible of all the

published and unpublished studies relating to a particular discipline area. It is different with traditional

reviews that attempt to summarize results of a number of studies, systematic reviews use explicit and

rigorous criteria to place, critically evaluate and synthesize all the literature on a particular topic

(Cronin, et al, 2008). Primary purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a comprehensive

groundwork for understanding electric current knowledge and highlighting the significance of new enquiry. It

can inspire enquiry ideas by identifying gaps or inconsistencies in a body of knowledge, thus helping

the researcher to make up one's mind or ascertain research questions or hypotheses.

Beecroft et. al. (2006) argue that a sufficiently focused research question is essential before

undertaking a literature review. As, yet, it can help refine or focus a broad research question

and is united stateseful for both topic selection and topic refinement. It tin can too be helpful in developing

conceptual or theoretical frameworks (Coughlan, et al, 2007; Cronnin, et al, 2008).

Parahoo (2006) suggests that a systematic review should detail the time frame within which the

literature was selected, as well as the methods used to evaluate and synthesize findings of the studies

in question. In order for the reader to assess the reliability and validity of the review (see figure i), the

reviewer needs to present the precise criteria used to: (a) Formulate the enquiry question; (b) Set

inclusion or exclusion criteria; (c) Select and access the literature; (d) Asses the quality of the literature

include in the review; (e) Analyse, synthesize and disseminate the findings.

Fig.1: Criteria used to systematic review

International Journal of Bones and Applied Scientific discipline,

Fiveol. 03, No. 01, July 2014, pp. 47- 56

Insan Akademika Publications

4 Steps in the Literature Review Process

Given the particular processes involved in systematic reviews, meta-assay and meta-synthesis, the

focus of the residual of this article is on the steps involved in undertaking a traditional or narrative

review of the literature. Cronin et. al. (2008) argue that the first footstep involves identifying the field of study of

the literature review. The researcher undertaking a quantitative report may have decided this already.

However, for the individual undertaking a non -inquiry based literature review this will be the showtime

step.

4.i Choosing a review topic

The starting time task to tackle, frequently the nigh difficult, in writing a review of literature is choosing a topic

(Timmins and McCabe, 2005; Cronin, et al, 2008). Ofttimes the task is especially difficult considering of a

lack of knowledge in the content area. Beneath are some hints for facilitating your selection of a topic.

Starting time, skim through your textbook and identify broad topics in the discipline that interest yous. Second,

read the capacity associated with the topics y'all pick to develop familiarity with the vocabulary (cardinal

words), principal investigators, and issues or controversies in the area. 3rd, talking to others, such as

expert, or reading effectually a topic tin likewise help to identify what areas of the subject field the reviewer is

interested in and may assistance indicate how much information exists on the topic (Timmins and McCabe,

2005). The next step, after choosing a topic, is to go to the library and search for journal articles

published in the expanse. Use cardinal words to find article titles for specific topics; sometimes abstracts are

provided for the reader's reference. Abstracts tin exist useful, time saving devices because they aid in

weeding good, associated literature from unrelated, peripheral articles.

Cronin (2008) explained that having sufficient literature is likewise important, particularly when the

review is an academic consignment. These academic exercises usually accept brusk deadlines, and then having

enough literature is primal from the perspective of being able to practise the review and submit it on time.

Literature reviews that are part of academic coursework ordinarily have strictly enforced word limits and

it is important to adhere to that limit. Meridianics that are besides broad will result in reviews that are either too

long or too superficial. As a rule of pollex, it is better to commencement with a narrow and focused topic, and if

necessary augment the scope of the review as y'all progress. It is much more difficult to cutting content

successfully, especially if time is short.

iv.2 Searching and selecting appropriate articles

The next step subsequently selected a topic is to identify, in a structured way, the advisable and related

information. A systematic approach is considered most likely to generate a review that will be

beneficial in informing do (Hek and Langton, 2000; Cronin et al, 2008). Newell and Burnard

(2006) suggest that comprehensiveness and relevance are what reviewers demand to consider and add that

the more than specific the topic or question being searched is, the more than focused the result will be (Cronin et

al, 2008).

The type of articles that are selected for a good review of literature are theoretical presentations,

review articles, and empirical research articles. Choosing the work of a single researcher may be one

method for starting a literature review. Your presentation will be more than powerful if alien

theoretical positions and findings are presented along with the position or prediction that you support

in your paper. You should choose several researchers' works that have added to the knowledge base in

International Journal of Bones and Technology,

Vol. 03, No. 01, July 2014, pp. 47- 56

a specific area. Strive to eliminate (or explain away) articles that have faulty methods or that use faulty

reasoning to support their findings.

Present, literature searches are undertaken most normally using computers and electronic

databases. Calculator databases offering access to vast quantities of data, which can be retrieved

more easily and quickly than using a transmission search (Younger, 2004). There are numerous electronic

databases, many of which bargain with specific fields of information. Information technology is important therefore to identify

which databases are relevant to the topic (Cronin et al, 2008). Existing literature reviews and

systematic reviews can as well be important sources of data. They can offering a adept overview of theastward

enquiry that has been undertaken, so that the relevance to the present piece of work can exist determined (Cronin

et al, 2008).

Cronin et. al. (2008) contend when undertaking a literature search an of import question in determining

whether a publication should be included in your review is defining the type of source. The four main

types of sources are outlined in Tabular array 1. In conducting the literature search it is important to keep a

record of the keywords and methods used in searching the literature every bit these will need to be identified

later on when describing how the search was conducted (Timmins and McCabe, 2005).

Table 1. Defining the types of sources for a review

Usually a report by the original researchers of a report

Description or summary by somebody other than the original

researcher, e.thousand. a review article

Papers concerned with description or analysis of theories or

concepts associated with the topic

Views or opinions almost the subject that are not research, review or

theoretical in nature

Source: Cronin et. al. (2008) p. 41

Information technology is always more than desirable to use chief sources whenever possible. Principal sources in scientific discipline are

unremarkably in the form of manufactures published in reputable journals. Generally, journals are regarded equally

existence more than upward- to- engagement than books as sources of information (Cronin, et al, 2008). Secondary sources

include textbooks and review articles or Clarification or summary by somebody other than the original

researcher. Like your literature review, secondary sources exercise non contain new information. A await at

secondary sources is often a good move when starting a literature review, but you never rely solely on

secondary sources and always review the primary sources as a check confronting possible errors.

iv.iii Analysing and synthesizing the literature

Later on yous have nerveless the articles you intend to employ in your literature review, you are ready to

analyze each ane (break information technology down and identify the important information in information technology) and then synthesize the

collection of articles (integrate them and place the conclusions that can be fatigued from the manufactures as

a grouping).

Initially, it is advisable to undertake a outset read of the articles that take been collected to get a sense of

what they are well-nigh. Nigh published articles incorporate a summary or abstract at the beginning of the

International Journal of Basic and Practical Science,

Vol. 03, No. 01, July 2014, pp. 47- 56

Insan Akademika Publications

newspaper, which volition assist with this process and enable the decision as to whether it is worthy of farther

reading or inclusion. At this point, information technology may too be of benefit to undertake an initial classification and

grouping of the manufactures by type of source (Cronin, et al, 2008).

There are a number of tools that tin help us analyze and synthesize our key sources. Table 2 show

about using a synthesis matrix to organize the sources in your literature review and integrate them into

a unique interpretation that non just serves as the foundation of your study but also contributes to the

dialogue in your field and establishes your brownie as a scholar. There are limitless ways of

structuring a matrix (Sally, 2013).

For example is a synthesis matrix organized past the central studies on your specific topic. Identify six to

twelve studies that are closely related to the focus of your report and that y'all volition use as the foundation

for your proposed research. In the first column forth the vertical axis of the table, list the author and

date of publication for each written report (Sally, 2013). Then create columns to place the purpose or

inquiry questions the authors posed, the method used in the study, characteristics of the sample, the

major findings of the study, the main ideas or themes distilled from the findings, how the findings

confirm those of other studies (similarities), and how the findings differ from other studies or offer

information non institute in other sources.

Table 2. A synthesis matrix organized by the mey studies

Sources, (Sally, 2013).

Another tools for clarify and synthesize is undertake an initial formification and group of the

articles by blazon of source. Once the initial overview has been completed information technology is necessary to return to the

manufactures to undertake a more systematic and disquisitional review of the content. It is recommended that some

type of structure is adopted during this process such equally that proposed by Cohen (1990). This simple

method is referred to as the Preview, Question, Read, Summarize (PQRS) system and it not merely keeps

you focussed and consistent simply ultimately facilitates piece of cake identification and retrieval of material

peculiarly if a large number of publications are existence reviewed (Cronin, et al, 2008).

Following the preview stage, a reviewer may terminate upwards with four stacks of manufactures that are deemed

relevant to the purpose of the review (Cronin, et al, 2008). In the question stage, questions are asked

of each publication. Here several writers take suggested using an indexing or summary system (or a

combination of both) to assist the procedure (Timmins and McCabe, 2005; Cronin et al, 2008).

Although there are slight variations in the criteria proposed in the indexing and summary systems,

generally they are concerned with the title of the article, the author, the purpose and the method

applied in a research study, and findings and outcomes. It is also useful to incorporate comments or

primal thoughts on your response to the article afterward it has been reviewed. For the purpose of good record

keeping, information technology is suggested that the source and full reference are also included. It can be very frustrating

trying to locate a reference or a key point among a plethora of articles at a later stage (Cronin, et al,

2008).

International Journal of Basic and Engineering science,

Vol. 03, No. 01, July 2014, pp. 47- 56

Every bit it is likely that not all of the articles will exist primary sources, you may wish to conform your summary

system to accommodate other sources, such as systematic reviews or non-research literature. Possible

headings, adapted from appraisal tools for diverse types of literature are outlined in Tabular array three. Although

information technology may be laborious at times, each commodity should be read while trying to answer the questions . Information technology is

worth noting, however, that if any attribute of the appraisement is not articulate, it may exist beneficial to access

more detailed tools or checklists that facilitate further assay or critique (Cronin, et al, 2008).

Table 3. Summary of information required in review

Secondary sources

-review

Journal (full reference):

Journal (full reference):

Periodical (total reference):

Review questions/ purpose:

Central thoughts/ comments, e.m.

strengths/ weakness:

Key thoughts/ comments, eastward.g.

strengths/ weakness:

Key thoughts/ comments, e.one thousand.

strengths/ weakness:

Source: Cronin et. al. (2008) p. 41

The final stage of appraisement is to write a brusk summary of each commodity and may include key thoughts,

comments, strengths and weaknesses of the publication. It should be written in your own words to

facilitate your agreement of the material. It also forms a skilful basis for the writing of the review

(Cronin, et al, 2008).

4.iv Arrangement of writing the review

The primary aim in structuring your review of the literature is to lead your reader to understand the demand

to deport precisely the grade of literature review or enquiry paper that you propose or have done. The

key to a expert literature review or enquiry paper is the ability to present the findings in such a manner that

it demonstrates your noesis in a articulate and consistent way (Cronin, et al, 2008).

The introduction and conclusion to your review of the literature should bear witness how your research

projection will join the on-going chat: identify the fundamental terms and concepts and indicate how your

research will resolve unresolved questions in others' work. You can also outline the structure of the

review itself — by preview in the introduction, or review in the determination — and you can then

foreshadow the direction of the side by side department/ chapter.

4.4.1 Introduction

Cronin, et al (2008) fence that the introduction should include the purpose of the review and a cursory

overview of the 'problem'. It is important that the literature sources and the central search terms are

International Journal of Bones and Applied Science,

Fiveol. 03, No. 01, July 2014, pp. 47- 56

Insan Akademika Publications

outlined. The introduction will not only present the main topic, just volition likewise brand a argument virtually

the status of knowledge in this expanse of research.

Some areas of concern in preparing the introduction is (a) Define or identify the general topic or area

of business organisation to provide a context for reviewing the literature; (b) Signal out overall trends, conflicts in

theory, methodology, evidence and conclusions, or gaps in research and scholarship, to identify a

detail problem; (c) Establish your purpose for reviewing the literature or point of view; explain the

criteria used to select and evaluate the literature; explain what it included or excluded (scope); and

forecast the organization or sequence of the review.

iv.iv.two Primary trunk

The main body of the report presents and discusses the findings from the literature. There are several

ways in which this can be done (Cronin et al, 2008; Carnwell & Daly, 2001). Regardless of the manner

in which the main trunk of the review is framed, at that place are primal points that must be considered. Beginning,

Group inquiry studies and other literature according to common denominators such every bit qualitative or

quantitative approaches, purposes, theories, methodologies, or conclusions. 2nd, summarize

individual studies in detail appropriate to its comparative importance in the literature and to its

relevance for your research. Third, Usdue east figures and/ or tables to present your own synthesis of the

original data or to bear witness key data taken directly from the original papers.

In order for your reader to motility through your information with ease while keeping the large motion-picture show in

view, order your body paragraphs in the same fashion that you did in the statement about how your

literature review will proceed. Gild the abstractions (main ideas) from full general to specific, deciding

which sources have contributions to make to which concepts. You lot will then present more specific

information from the sources, using in-text citation, to discuss the abstractions in more detail and to

point out areas of agreement or debate among sources. Your torso paragraphs should piece of work to not only

summarize what sources have said, simply to demonstrate relationships betwixt them.

4.4.three Decision

The conclusion should provide a summary of findings from the literature review. Explain what your

analysis of the fabric leads you to conclude virtually the overall state of the literature, what it provides

and where it is lacking. Cronin et al (2008) mention that the review should conclude with a concise

summary of the findings that describes current knowledge and offer a rationale for conducting futurity

research. In a review, which forms part of a report, any gaps in cognition that have been identified

should lead logically to the purpose of the proposed written report. In some cases, it may besides be possible to

use the adult themes to construct a conceptual framework that will inform the study. In all

reviews, some recommendations or implications for practice, didactics and research should be

included.

4.4.4 References

The literature review should conclude with a full bibliographical list of all the books, journal articles,

reports and other media, which were referred to in the work. Regardless of whether the review is part

of a course of study or for publication, it is an essential part of the process that all sourced textile is

acknowledged. This means that every citation in the text must appear in the reference. Omissions or

International Journal of Basic and Practical Scientific discipline,

5ol. 03, No. 01, July 2014, pp. 47- 56

errors in referencing are very common and students ofttimes lose vital marks in assignment considering of it.

A useful strategy is to create a separate file for references and each fourth dimension a publication is cited, it tin can be

added to this list immediately (Cronin et al, 2008).

v Conclusion

This article has presented a detailed guide to developing a systematic literature review This guide

presents a step-past - pace approach to carrying out the rigorous, scientific methodology of a systematic

literature review. While written generally enough to be applicable to a broad range of fields,

esspecially specific to social sciences and management.

Whether the arroyo is qualitative or quantitative will often dictate when and how it is carried out.

Various types of literature reviews may be used depending on the reasons for conveying out the review

and the overall aims and objectives of the enquiry. Writing a review of the literature is a skill that

needs to exist learned. By conducting them, student or researchers can be involved in increasing the

knowledge through evidence-based exercise.

References

Bocken, Due north. Thou. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, South. (2014). A Literature and Practice Review to

Develop Sustainable Business Model Archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65: 42-56.

Carnwell, R., & Daly, W. (2001) Strategies for the Construction of a Critical Review of the Literature.

Nurse Educ Pract 1: 57-63

Colling, J (2003). Demystifying The Clinical Nursing Enquiry Process: The Literature Review. Urol

Nurs 23 (4): 297–9.

Cooper, H. One thousand. (1988). The Construction of Knowledge Synthesis. Cognition in Society, 1: 104- 126.

Cronin, P., Ryan, F., & Coughlan, M. (2008). Undertaking a literature review: a pace-by - pace

approach. British Journal of Nursing, 17(1): 38 -43.

Emerald Group Publishing (due north.d.) How to Write a Literature Review. Retrived from

http://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/authors/guides/write/literature.htm.

Galvan, J. L. (2006). Writing literature reviews. Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Publishing.

Hall, T., Beecham, Southward., Bowes, D., Gray, D., & Counsell, S. (n.d.). A Systematic Literature Review on

Fault Prediction Performance in Software Engineering.

Hart, C. (1998). Doing a Literature Review. London: Sage Publications.

Lawrence, C. Northward. (2011). Writing a Literature Review in the Social Sciences. Retrived from

www.academic.edu.

Okoli, C., & Schabram, K. (2010). A Guide to Conducting a Systematic Literature Review of

Data Systems Research. Sprouts: Westwardorking Papers on Information Systems, 10(26).

Sally. (2013). A Synthesis Matrix as a Tool for Analyzing and Synthesizing Prior Research. Retrived

from http:// world wide web.academiccoachingandwriting.org/dissertation-doctor/dissertation-doctor- blog

iii- a -synthesis-matrix- as- a-tool -for-analyzing-and-synthesizing-prior-research.

International Periodical of Basic and Applied science,

Vol. 03, No. 01, July 2014, pp. 47- 56

Insan Akademika Publications

San Jose State University (n.d.) Guidelines for Writing a Review of Literature Retrieved from

http://www.sjsu.edu/kinesthesia/christen/review_guidelines.html\.

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (north.d.) The Writing Center, Literature Review.

Retrieved from https://writingcenter.unc.edu/files/2012/09/Literature-Reviews-The- Writing-

Heart.pdf.

Timmins, F., & McCabe, C. (2005). How to conduct an effective literature review. Nurs Stand up, 20

(eleven): 41–7.

USC Libraries. (n.d.) Organizing Your Social Sciences Enquiry Paper. Retrieved from

http://libguides.usc.edu/writringguide/literaturereview.

Younger, P. (2004). Using the internet to conduct a literature search. Nurs Stand up 19 (6): 45-51

... Para Ramdhani et al. (2014, citado por Rodríguez, 2020, los gestores bibliográficos permiten la revisión de fuentes fiables y de interés que ayudan a dilucidar "el panorama de investigación mediante una visión general de fuentes exploradas, lo cual afianza el trabajo científico o académico eastward indica a los lectores como el proyecto de investigación se ajusta a un campo full general de estudio más amplio". En consecuencia, se puede decir que en cierta medida existe una acción recíproca entre el investigador y la fuente bibliográfica y que puede terminar en un intercambio de papeles; es decir, que no siempre el player desde su accionar cuestiona el contenido, sino que el contenido puede cuestionar la perspectiva de pensamiento del investigador en cualquier escenario social, tecnológico o educativo. ...

Este es un estudio de caso con enfoque cuali-cuantitativo y nivel descriptivo, sobre cómo los estudiantes perciben el uso del gestor bibliográfico colaborativo digital. El estudio ayuda a reconocer la relevancia de utilizar dicho gestor para cualificar la investigación y la producción académica, desde proyectos que desarrollan estudiantes de la maestría en Tecnologías Digitales Aplicadas a la Educación. Participaron 103 estudiantes de los módulos: Caracterización de la investigación aplicada y Propuesta de investigación aplicada. Los resultados dejan ver que los tesistas valoran positivamente el gestor como dispositivo tecnológico clave para la gestión de la información y del conocimiento; a su vez, permiten inferir que esta herramienta informática en mención facilita la búsqueda, clasificación y análisis de registros bibliográficos, traduciéndose en adecuadas toma de decisiones y mejora en el desempeño tanto académico como de investigación.

... Research method is washed through literature review. Ramdhani et al. defined literature review as an act to talk over existing literature works in which the literature works discusses a certain discipline as well it may discuss it in a certain fourth dimension (Ramdhani et al., 2014). Therefore this research article volition answer the issue presented in the previous section through literature reviews. ...

• Axel Victor Christian

States takes measure out during Covid-nineteen Pandemic. Those measures are non unified under the same standard thus limiting mobility. With the vaccine then bachelor the measures and standards states take becomes more complicated and non unified. There needs to be a unified measure which is a unified social control through international law by analysing whether social command is permissible nether international police. A unified social control for measures that result the mobility will unify standards. It is permissible considering u.s.a. behaviour under the electric current Covid-19 Pandemic. Unified control through international should be done in a treaty or convention. Diplomacy for the success of the treaty then should be done through track two model of diplomacy which will provide liberty to united states of america in raising their wills and concern on the corresponding treaty.

... Desain penelitian dengan literature review dimana peneliti harus melakukan pencarian literature secara mendalam, detail, dan teliti. Tujuan literature review memberikan gambaran mengenai penelitian sebelumnya untuk di kolaborasikan dengan gambaran peneliti atau pengarang saat ini sebagai pandangan baru dalam sebuah penelitian (Ramdhani, Ramdhani and Amin, 2014 seharihari pasien seperti akses pasien untuk ke pelayanan terdekat atau ke rumah sakit, memfasilitasi apabila pasien sedang mengalami kekambuhan seperti pasien mengalami amuk keluarga dapat memberikan bantal agar pasien dapat melampiaskan amarahnya tanpa melukai dirinya sendiri, memfasilitasi alat makan dan mandi pasien dimana alat yang digunakan tidak membahayakan pasien, serta memfasilitasi Ketika pasien ingin istirahat seperti ventilasi kamar pasien yang sejuk dan nyaman, tidak terdapat gorden, dsb. chiliad. ...

• Firda Nur Rahma Santi
• Heryanto Adi Nugroho
• Edy Soesanto
• Eni Hidayati

Halusinasi merupakan persepsi dimana individu tidak mampu membedakan antara persepsi nyata dengan tidak nyata, menyebabkan individu akan kehilangan kontrol akan dirinya. Keluarga memiliki pengaruh dalam kesembuhan atau kekambuhan pasien apabila keluarga belum memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mengenai perawatan halusinasi dan dukungannya pada pasien saat mengontrol halusinasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan hubungan pengetahuan keluarga tentang perawatan halusinasi dan dukungan keluarga terhadap kemampuan pasien mengontrol halusinasi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu menyeleksi artikel dari berbagai sumber dengan menggunakan Teknik PICO lalu di sesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah di tentukan yaitu artikel terpublikasi maksimal 5 tahun (2016 – 2021), artikel full teks, menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa inggris, tema artikel pengetahuan keluarga tentang merawat halusinasi dan dukungan keluarga terhadap kemampuan mengontrol halusinasi. Berdasarkan analisis artikel disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pasien mengontrol halusinasi di pengeruhi oleh pengetahuan keluarga tentang merawat anggota keluarganya yang mengalami halusinasi dan adanya pemberian dukungan keluarga yang baik untuk pasien. Saran : keluarga secara mandiri merawat pasien dengan halusinasi, di rekomendasikan masuk dalam intervensi asuhan keperawatan.

... The articles were nerveless, classified, and reviewed to place important information that can be farther used by diverse stakeholders of the domain of interest. In this context, a brief reading of the literature needs to be carried out, giving more attention to abstracts of articles as they provide summaries from which readers can decide its relevance to the domain under investigation [17]. For example, DiMatteo developed a quantitative review of 50 years of medical enquiry on patient adherence to treatment. ...

Over the past few years, numerous studies and inquiry manufactures have been published in the medical literature review domain. The topics covered by these researches included medical information retrieval, disease statistics, drug analysis, and many other fields and awarding domains. In this paper, nosotros employ diverse text mining and data analysis techniques in an attempt to discover trending topics and topic concordance in the healthcare literature and data mining field. This analysis focuses on healthcare literature and bibliometric data and discussion association rules applied to 1945 research articles that had been published betwixt the years 2006 and 2019. Our aim in this context is to assist saving fourth dimension and effort required for manually summarizing large-scale amounts of information in such a broad and multidisciplinary domain. To acquit out this task, nosotros employ topic modeling techniques through the utilization of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), in add-on to various certificate and word embedding and clustering approaches. Findings reveal that since 2010 the involvement in the healthcare big data analysis has increased significantly, as demonstrated past the five most commonly used topics in this domain.

• Made Ayu Anggreni
• Syarif Sumantri
• Nurbiana dhieni Djalil
• Karnadi Karnadi

Faktor globalisasi menjadi salah satu faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi internal Indonesia. Sekarang banyak budaya atau kebiasaan dan kepercayaan dari luar yang masuk ke Indonesia tanpa melalui penyaringan padahal seharusnya masyarakat dapat memilih mana yang baik dan mana yang buruk. Pendidikan yang berkualitas dapat menjadi benteng bagi anak-anak dari hal-hal negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kompetensi guru dalam praktik penerapan budaya pada Lembaga PAUD di Indonesia. Metode penelitian dengan literature review dan menggunakan PRISMA Checklis dilakukan pada bulan Maret – Mei 2021 dan jurnal 20 tahun terakhir, sumber information sekunder artikel jurnal bereputasi baik nasional maupun internasional pada lima database dengan kriteria kualitas tinggi dan sedang, yaitu Scopus, Tandfonline, Research Gate, SagePub dan Schoolar dengan tema kompetensi guru dan tenaga pendidik terlibat menjadi pembelajar dari berbagai komunitas budaya di mana siswa mereka berasal, berkembang sebagai pendidik yang kompeten secara budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru anak usia dini harus berkomitmen untuk mengembangkan pendidikan usia dini yang dapat terlibat dalam pedagogi yang adil dalam praktik pengajaran multikultural. Kualitas suatu pendidikan ditentukan dari berhasil tidaknya guru dalam menyampaikan materi.

• Budi Darmo

Ketergantungan untuk mendapatkan efek atau status dalam masyarakat, membuat seseorang menjadi fetish terhadap produk yang dikonsumsinya. Dalam fetisisme komoditas, iklan sangat berperan dalam menentukan nilai dan makna sebuah produk. Makna palsu yang ditanamkan ke dalam produk membuat seakan-akan kenikmatan nyata-lah yag dikonsumsi dari produk yang digunakan. Dalam Iklan AXE Parfum Saku versi Dijemput Si Cantik terdapat banyak jenis fetisisme komoditas dimana maknamakna saling tumpang tindih menyuarakan kebenarannya. Namun, makna tersebut menjadi penting untuk seseorang atau malah merusak kesadarannya, sehingga melazimkan pemujaan pada komoditi. Pada akhirnya masyarakat harus lebih kritis dalam melihat dan memilih produk yang dikonsumsinya. Kata kunci: fetisisme komoditas, iklan, makna

• Edy Chandra

Tren terhadap pemeliharaan terhadap tanaman dalam/luar rumah, yaitu jenis sukulen dan kaktus mulai menjadi sebuah aktivitas baru semasa pandemic covid-nineteen, yang mewajibkan setiap masyarakat global ataupun regional untuk lebih banyak beraktivitas di rumah. Upaya aktivitas ini telah menjadi peluang para wirausahawan ( entrepreneur) pemula untuk memulai jenis usaha dibidang ini, termasuk salah-satunya adalah produk media tanam (pasir malang, sekam, pumice, dll). Pengembangan pada seorang wirausaha muda yang menjual produk media tanam adalah pengembangan pada penciptaan identitas visual pada brand produk media tanam dan juuga aplikasi pada media stiker untuk mendukung identitas kemasan di mata konsumen. Proses pengembangan identias melibatkan proyek perancangan visual brand produk secara sederhana yang disampaikan oleh desainer kepada kliennya. Prosesnya melibatkan brainstorming seputar ide-ide visual media tanam dengan sukulen dan kaktus.

• George Kaliampos

The last three decades 2 distinct trends have emerged within Early on Childhood Didactics, namely Early Childhood Science Teaching and Early Childhood Special Educational activity. The current paper tries to move along these areas and illuminate the common footing that lie between them. In particular, drawing from the formulated empiricist, Piagetian and socio-cognitive trends within Early Babyhood Scientific discipline Education, it tries to explore to what extend they could expand in special needs context. In addition, it proposes diverse, specific strategies that sally from the above-mentioned trends and could be implemented in didactics science within special needs settings. Past so doing, the present paper aspires to set the frame of a newly built-in and well-promising trend, that of Early Childhood Special Science Education.

• Zayyan Velda Send
• Puji Wibowo

The adoption of the accrual basis is a milestone in the reform of authorities financial reporting. Land financial direction policies in the new authorities era as well provided new insights for the development of government accounting research. This report aims to provide an overview of the development of government accounting research in 2 reputable national journals indexed past SINTA 2 during the 2015-2019 menses. Article observations are carried out using the chartered fields method. The results of a study of 43 manufactures show that accountability and spending are the about popular topics to be discussed. Mixed research methods are still very express to use in these regime accounting studies. This written report contributes to the management of authorities accounting research in the future by providing signals of several interesting research areas to exist explored farther. ABSTRAKSI Penerapan basis akrual merupakan tonggak bersejarah dalam reformasi pelaporan keuangan pemerintah. Kebijakan pengelolaan keuangan negara pada era pemerintahan baru turut memberikan warna bagi perkembangan riset akuntansi pemerintahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan ulasan mengenai perkembangan riset akuntansi pemerintah pada dua jurnal nasional terakreditasi yang terindeks SINTA two selama periode 2015-2019. Pengamatan artikel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode chartered the fields. Hasil studi terhadap 43 artikel menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas dan belanja merupakan topik yang paling populer dibicarakan. Metode riset campuran masih sangat jarang digunakan dalam studi akuntansi pemerintahan tersebut. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi berupa arah riset akuntansi pemerintahan di masa mendatang dengan memberikan sinyal beberapa surface area penelitian yang cukup menarik untuk didalami lebih lanjut. Kata Kunci: Akrual, akuntansi pemerintah, keuangan negara

• Zayyan Velda Send
• Puji Wibowo

The adoption of the accrual basis is a milestone in the reform of government financial reporting. State financial management policies in the new government era also provided new insights for the development of government accounting research. This report aims to provide an overview of the development of government accounting enquiry in two reputable national journals indexed past SINTA two during the 2015-2019 period. Commodity observations are carried out using the chartered fields method. The results of a study of 43 articles bear witness that accountability and spending are the most popular topics to be discussed. Mixed inquiry methods are still very limited to use in these government accounting studies. This written report contributes to the management of government accounting research in the time to come by providing signals of several interesting enquiry areas to exist explored further. ABSTRAKSI Penerapan ground akrual merupakan tonggak bersejarah dalam reformasi pelaporan keuangan pemerintah. Kebijakan pengelolaan keuangan negara pada era pemerintahan baru turut memberikan warna bagi perkembangan riset akuntansi pemerintahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan ulasan mengenai perkembangan riset akuntansi pemerintah pada dua jurnal nasional terakreditasi yang terindeks SINTA 2 selama periode 2015-2019. Pengamatan artikel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode chartered the fields. Hasil studi terhadap 43 artikel menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas dan belanja merupakan topik yang paling populer dibicarakan. Metode riset campuran masih sangat jarang digunakan dalam studi akuntansi pemerintahan tersebut. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi berupa arah riset akuntansi pemerintahan di masa mendatang dengan memberikan sinyal beberapa area penelitian yang cukup menarik untuk didalami lebih lanjut. Kata Kunci: Akrual, akuntansi pemerintah, keuangan negara

Eco-innovations, eco-efficiency and corporate social responsibility practices define much of the current industrial sustainability agenda. While important, they are insufficient in themselves to evangelize the holistic changes necessary to achieve long-term social and environmental sustainability. How can we encourage corporate innovation that significantly changes the way companies operate to ensure greater sustainability? Sustainable business organization models (SBM) comprise a triple bottom line approach and consider a wide range of stakeholder interests, including environment and order. They are of import in driving and implementing corporate innovation for sustainability, tin help embed sustainability into business concern purpose and processes, and serve as a key driver of competitive advantage. Many innovative approaches may contribute to delivering sustainability through business organisation models, but have non been collated nether a unifying theme of business model innovation. The literature and business practice review has identified a broad range of examples of mechanisms and solutions that can contribute to business model innovation for sustainability. The examples were collated and analysed to identify defining patterns and attributes that might facilitate categorisation. Sustainable business model archetypes are introduced to describe groupings of mechanisms and solutions that may contribute to building up the business organisation model for sustainability. The aim of these archetypes is to develop a common language that tin can be used to accelerate the development of sustainable business models in enquiry and practise. The archetypes are: Maximise cloth and energy efficiency; Create value from 'waste'; Substitute with renewables and natural processes; Evangelize functionality rather than buying; Adopt a stewardship role; Encourage sufficiency; Re-purpose the business concern for society/surroundings; and Develop scale-up solutions.

• Chitu Okoli
• Kira Schabram

This working paper has been thoroughly revised and superseded by two distinct articles. The kickoff is a revised and peer-reviewed version of the original commodity: Okoli, Chitu (2015), A Guide to Conducting a Standalone Systematic Literature Review. Communications of the Association for Information Systems (37:43), November 2015, pp. 879-910. This article presents a methodology for conducting a systematic literature review with many examples from IS research and references to guides with further helpful details. The article is available from Google Scholar or from the writer's website. The second extension article focuses on developing theory with literature reviews: Okoli, Chitu (2015), The View from Giants' Shoulders: Developing Theory with Theory-Mining Systematic Literature Reviews. SSRN Working Newspaper Series, Dec 8, 2015. This article identifies theory-mining reviews, which are literature reviews that extract and synthesize theoretical concepts from the source main studies. The commodity demonstrates by citation assay that, in data systems inquiry, this kind of literature review is more than highly cited than other kinds of literature review. The commodity provides detailed guidelines to writing a high-quality theory-mining review.

Groundwork: The accurate prediction of where faults are likely to occur in code tin can help straight exam effort, reduce costs and ameliorate the quality of software. Objective: We investigate how the context of models, the contained variables used and the modelling techniques applied, influence the performance of fault prediction models. Method:We used a systematic literature review to identify 208 error prediction studies published from January 2000 to Dec 2010. We synthesise the quantitative and qualitative results of 36 studies which report sufficient contextual and methodological information according to the criteria nosotros develop and employ. Results: The models that perform well tend to exist based on simple modelling techniques such as Na??ve Bayes or Logistic Regression. Combinations of contained variables have been used by models that perform well. Characteristic option has been applied to these combinations when models are performing peculiarly well. Conclusion: The methodology used to build models seems to exist influential to predictive performance. Although at that place are a set of mistake prediction studies in which confidence is possible, more than studies are needed that use a reliable methodology and which study their context, methodology and operation comprehensively.

• Ros Carnwell
• William Daly

This newspaper describes the procedure by which a literature review is conducted. Information technology begins by identifying the purpose of a literature review, and then explores how cardinal words can be used to ascertain the scope of the review, how the review tin be organized into t hemes and how conclusions can be drawn from the literature to inform further studies. Examples from nursing and wellness intendance are provided to illustrate the processes described.

• Joyce Colling

The literature review is a disquisitional step in designing and conducting a credible study. It might seem ho-hum at first, just your own ideas will go better adult and thoughtful every bit you critique what other researchers have washed. It will make your study stronger. Thus, don't skim over this part of the process. A good literature review will make the next steps easier. It will also clinch that you are studying an important area, that the result has clinical importance to your patients, and that writing and reporting the results will be easier.

gibbssheader.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311735510_Writing_a_Literature_Review_Research_Paper_A_step-by-step_approach